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Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official... Sep 2012
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection
PubMed: 22895136
DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318265a7ef -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Feb 2012There is uncertainty regarding how to interpret discordance between tests for latent tuberculosis infection. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study
RATIONALE
There is uncertainty regarding how to interpret discordance between tests for latent tuberculosis infection.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to assess discordance between commercially available tests for latent tuberculosis in a low-prevalence population, including the impact of nontuberculous mycobacteria.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional comparison study among 2,017 military recruits at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, from April to June 2009. Several tests were performed simultaneously with a risk factor questionnaire, including (1) QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test, (2) T-SPOT.TB test, (3) tuberculin skin test, and (4) Battey skin test using purified protein derivative from the Battey bacillus.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
In this low-prevalence population, the specificities of the three commercially available diagnostic tests were not significantly different. Of the 88 subjects with a positive test, only 10 (11.4%) were positive to all three tests; 20 (22.7%) were positive to at least two tests. Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination, tuberculosis prevalence in country of birth, and Battey skin test reaction size were associated with tuberculin skin test-positive, IFN-γ release assay-negative test discordance. Increasing agreement between the three tests was associated with epidemiologic criteria indicating risk of infection and with quantitative test results.
CONCLUSIONS
For most positive results the three tests identified different people, suggesting that in low-prevalence populations most discordant results are caused by false-positives. False-positive tuberculin skin test reactions associated with reactivity to nontuberculous mycobacteria and bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination may account for a proportion of test discordance observed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antigens, Bacterial; Cross-Sectional Studies; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Interferon-gamma Release Tests; Latent Tuberculosis; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; South Carolina; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tuberculin Test
PubMed: 22161162
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201107-1244OC -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 2019We evaluated the GenoType NTM-DR (NTM-DR) line probe assay for identifying complex (MAC) species and subspecies and for determining clarithromycin and amikacin...
GenoType NTM-DR Performance Evaluation for Identification of Mycobacterium avium Complex and Mycobacterium abscessus and Determination of Clarithromycin and Amikacin Resistance.
We evaluated the GenoType NTM-DR (NTM-DR) line probe assay for identifying complex (MAC) species and subspecies and for determining clarithromycin and amikacin resistance. Thirty-eight reference strains and 145 clinical isolates (58 MAC and 87 isolates), including 54 clarithromycin- and/or amikacin-resistant strains, were involved. The performance of the NTM-DR assay in rapid identification was evaluated by comparison with results of multigene sequence-based typing, whereas performance in rapid detection of clarithromycin and amikacin resistance was evaluated by comparison with sequencing of the (41), , and genes and drug susceptibility testing (DST). The accuracies of MAC and (sub)species identification were 92.1% (35/38) and 100% (145/145) for the 38 reference strains and 145 clinical isolates, respectively. Three MAC strains other than were found to cross-react with the probe in the assay. Regarding clarithromycin resistance, NTM-DR detected mutations in 52 isolates and yielded 99.3% (144/145) and 98.6% (143/145) concordant results with sequencing and DST, respectively. NTM-DR sensitivity and specificity in the detection of clarithromycin resistance were 96.3% (52/54) and 100% (91/91), respectively. The NTM-DR yielded accurate (41) genotype results for all 87 isolates. Regarding amikacin resistance, NTM-DR detected mutations in five isolates and yielded 99.3% (144/145) and 97.9% (142/145) concordant results with sequencing and DST, respectively. Our results indicate that the NTM-DR assay is a straightforward and accurate approach for discriminating MAC and (sub)species and for detecting clarithromycin and amikacin resistance mutations and that it is a useful tool in the clinical setting.
Topics: Amikacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clarithromycin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genotype; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Mutation; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium abscessus; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection
PubMed: 31167842
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00516-19 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2021complex (MAC), a collection of mycobacterial species representing nontuberculous mycobacteria, are characterized as ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogens. The... (Review)
Review
complex (MAC), a collection of mycobacterial species representing nontuberculous mycobacteria, are characterized as ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogens. The incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases caused by MAC have been emerging globally due to complications in the treatment of MAC-pulmonary disease (PD) in humans and the lack of understating individual differences in genetic traits and pathogenesis of MAC species or subspecies. Despite genetically close one to another, mycobacteria species belonging to the MAC cause diseases to different host range along with a distinct spectrum of disease. In addition, unlike , the underlying mechanisms for the pathogenesis of MAC infection from environmental sources of infection to their survival strategies within host cells have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we highlight unique genetic and genotypic differences in MAC species and the virulence factors conferring the ability to MAC for the tactics evading innate immune attacks of host cells based on the recent advances in genetic analysis by exemplifying subsp. , a major representative pathogen causing MAC-PD in humans. Further understanding of the genetic link between host and MAC may contribute to enhance host anti-MAC immunity, but also provide novel therapeutic approaches targeting the pangenesis-associated genes of MAC.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Genetic Markers; Genomics; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Mycobacterium avium Complex
PubMed: 33809463
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063011 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Dec 1993We compared MICs and MBCs of various free- and liposome-incorporated antimicrobial agents against several patient isolates of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We compared MICs and MBCs of various free- and liposome-incorporated antimicrobial agents against several patient isolates of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex and certain American Type Culture Collection strains of M. avium, M. intracellulare, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Seven of 19 agents were selected for incorporation into liposomes. The MICs of these agents for 50 and 90% of isolates tested (MIC50s and MIC90s, respectively) ranged from 0.5 to 62 micrograms/ml. Members of the M. avium-M. intracellulare complex were resistant to killing by most of the other agents tested in the free form. However, clofazimine, resorcinomycin A, and PD 117558 showed complete killing of bacteria at concentrations ranging from 8 to 31 micrograms/ml, represented as MBC90s. Among the liposome-incorporated agents, clofazimine and resorcinomycin A had the highest killing effects (MBC90s, 8 and 16 micrograms/ml, respectively). Furthermore, both free and liposome-incorporated clofazimine had equivalent growth-inhibitory and killing effects on all American Type Culture Collection strains of M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. tuberculosis tested. These results show that the antibacterial activities of certain drugs, particularly those of clofazimine and resorcinomycin, were maintained after the drugs were incorporated into liposomes.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cerulenin; Drug Carriers; Humans; Liposomes; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Rifampin
PubMed: 8109920
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.37.12.2584 -
Research in Microbiology May 1992The marriage of two scourges, one old (mycobacterial disease) and one new (HIV), has presented an enormous challenge to the medical and public health communities, and... (Review)
Review
The marriage of two scourges, one old (mycobacterial disease) and one new (HIV), has presented an enormous challenge to the medical and public health communities, and has stirred renewed interest in mechanisms for immune control of mycobacterial infection. Virulence of both M. avium and M. tuberculosis appears to be inversely related to the capacity of the microorganisms to induce production of protective cytokines in infected hosts. TNF alpha and IFN gamma are central to this process, and mycobacterial polysaccharides may be their main determinant. Despite these similarities, M. tuberculosis and M. avium cause illnesses at the polar extremes of HIV disease. Tuberculosis, occurring early in the course of HIV disease, may promote HIV replication in otherwise latently infected cells via induction of cytokines. As such, the potential exists for accelerated progression to AIDS due to the mutual synergy of these pathogens.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Cytokines; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Macrophages; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Recombinant Proteins; Tuberculosis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Virulence
PubMed: 1455067
DOI: 10.1016/0923-2508(92)90053-q -
PloS One 2018Culture is considered the gold standard for definitive diagnosis of mycobacterial infections. However, consensus about the most suitable culture procedure for isolation...
Culture is considered the gold standard for definitive diagnosis of mycobacterial infections. However, consensus about the most suitable culture procedure for isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria is lacking. The study compared the recoveries of mycobacteria after decontamination of spiked and fresh avian feces with 4% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 12% sulfuric acid (H2SO4), or 1% cetylperidinium chloride (CPC), with and without mixture of three antibiotics, namely vancomycin (VAN, 100 μg/ml), nalidixic acid (NAL, 100 μg/ml), and amphotericin B (AMB, 100 μg/ml). The antibiotic mixture was referred to as VNA. Decontamination procedures were evaluated using two (n = 2) avian fecal samples spiked with 106, 104, and 102 CFU/ml of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (ATCC 15769) and fresh avian feces (n = 42). M. avium subsp. avium was detected on the culture media from spiked samples (106 and 104 CFU/ml) decontaminated with NaOH, NaOH-VNA, H2SO4, and H2SO4 -VNA for 2-6 weeks. These bacteria were detected in 2-4 weeks when using CPC and CPC-VNA. M. avium subsp. avium cannot be isolated on culture media from spiked samples (102 CFU/ml) decontaminated with any decontaminating agent. Two mycobacterial isolates, namely, Mycobacterium terrae and M. engbaekii, were isolated from field samples decontaminated with NaOH and CPC-VNA. With regard to the contamination rate, the use of CPC-VNA showed lower contamination rates (5.5% and 19.0%) from spiked and field samples than those of the other methods (NaOH: 22.2% and 59.5%, NaOH-VNA: 16.7% and 21.4%, H2SO4: 11.1% and 40.5%, H2SO4-VNA: 5.5% and 21.4%, and CPC: 66.7% and 50%). In conclusion, the decontamination of fecal samples following a two-step procedure with 1% CPC and VNA can ensure high recovery rate of many mycobacteria with the lowest contamination in cultures.
Topics: Animals; Antitubercular Agents; Decontamination; Feces; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection
PubMed: 30096205
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202034 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Mar 2002
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Azithromycin; Colonic Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethambutol; Fatal Outcome; Granular Cell Tumor; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; RNA, Bacterial; Rifabutin; Whipple Disease
PubMed: 11860323
DOI: 10.5858/2002-126-0381-EMAI -
The European Respiratory Journal May 2024https://bit.ly/3PUGvbV
https://bit.ly/3PUGvbV
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Rifampin; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Lung Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38697635
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02210-2023 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2018Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) is an established microbiologic cause of pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis, and disseminated disease in cases of advanced immune... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) is an established microbiologic cause of pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis, and disseminated disease in cases of advanced immune suppression. However, MAC manifesting as vertebral osteomyelitis is less common, and is particularly rare in the absence of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Prompt diagnosis of MAC vertebral osteomyelitis is challenging, but necessary to prevent serious morbidity or mortality.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a case of MAC osteomyelitis of the lumbar spine in a 70-year-old woman on extended duration corticosteroid therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus who presented with progressive back pain. Upon presentation, imaging revealed osteomyelitis of the lumbar spine with associated paraspinal abscess. Cultures from the surgical evacuation of the paraspinal abscess yielded no pathogen growth and she was therefore treated with empiric antibacterial therapy. Two weeks after her initial hospital discharge she represented with severe back pain and radiologic evidence of progressive disease in her lumbar spine. Two additional vertebral biopsies were required during her first 2 weeks of admission. MAC eventually grew from culture 14 days after collection. She was treated with ethambutol and rifampin and her symptoms resolved in 2 weeks, though therapy was continued for 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS
MAC is an unusual cause of vertebral osteomyelitis in patients with AIDS, but is exceedingly rare in those without severe immune compromise. Despite its rarity, it must be considered in cases of vertebral osteomyelitis that do not respond to empiric antibiotic therapy. Multiple biopsies may be necessary to obtain a diagnosis and avoid destructive infectious complications of an untreated infection.
Topics: Abscess; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethambutol; Female; Humans; Lumbosacral Region; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Osteomyelitis; Rifampin
PubMed: 29788907
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3143-4